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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Children and Adolescents

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) refers to chronic conditions that cause inflammation in the digestive tract. The two main types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions can be particularly challenging for children and adolescents as they impact not just physical health, but also their emotional and social well-being.

The immune system is like the body’s defense team, made up of different cells and tissues that work together to protect you from getting sick. Normally, it does a great job of identifying and fighting off harmful invaders, like viruses. But in inflammatory diseases like IBD, the immune system gets confused and mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells, thinking they are harmful. This causes inflammation, which can make life uncomfortable for a child.

It’s also easy to mix up IBD with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) because they sound alike and can have similar symptoms. However, they are different conditions and need different treatments.

At Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, we understand the unique needs of young patients with IBD and are committed to providing comprehensive, compassionate care.

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Symptoms

  • Abdominal Pain: Persistent or recurring pain in the belly, often cramping in nature.
  • Diarrhea: Frequent, loose, or watery stools, sometimes accompanied by blood.
  • Rectal Bleeding: noticeable blood coming from the rectum during bowel movements.
  • Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak, even after adequate rest.
  • Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss or difficulty gaining weight.
  • Growth Delays: Slower growth compared to peers, which may result in shorter stature or delayed puberty.
  • Appetite Changes: Decreased interest in food or eating, sometimes leading to malnutrition.
  • Fever: Occasional episodes of fever without any apparent cause.
  • Joint Pain: Pain or swelling in the joints, which can occur in some children with IBD.
  • Mouth Sores: Small ulcers or sores inside the mouth.

Causes

  • Genetics:
    • Children with a family history of IBD are more likely to develop the condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
  • Immune System:
    • In IBD, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the digestive tract, leading to inflammation.
  • Environmental Triggers:
    • Certain environmental factors, such as diet, stress, and exposure to bacteria or viruses, may trigger the onset of IBD in those who are genetically predisposed.
  • Gut Microbiome:
    • The balance of bacteria in the gut may play a role in the development of IBD. An imbalance in the gut microbiome can lead to inflammation and disease.

Diagnosis

  • Medical History and Physical Examination: The first step is a thorough review of the child’s medical history, including symptoms, family history of IBD, and any recent infections or illnesses.
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests are used to check for signs of inflammation, anemia, or other abnormalities that may indicate IBD.
  • Stool Tests: Stool samples may be analyzed to rule out infections and check for blood or markers of inflammation in the digestive tract.
  • Endoscopy and Colonoscopy: These procedures involve using a small camera to examine the inside of the digestive tract, allowing doctors to look for inflammation, ulcers, or other signs of IBD. Biopsies (small tissue samples) may be taken for further analysis.
  • Imaging Studies: Imaging of the small bowel is crucial for figuring out where the disease is located, how severe it is, and if there are any complications like fistulas, abscesses, or narrow areas in the intestines. Advanced imaging techniques like computed tomographic enterography (CTE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) are now more commonly used.

Treatment Options

  • Medications: Several types of medications are used to treat IBD. There is no “one size fits all” treatment for IBD. Children respond to different medications or sometimes, a combination of medications
  • Nutritional Therapy: Special diets or nutritional supplements may be recommended to ensure proper nutrition and promote healing. In some cases, enteral nutrition (liquid nutrition provided through a feeding tube) may be used.
  • Surgery: If medication and other treatments do not control the symptoms of IBD, surgery may be necessary. This could involve removing a portion of the intestine or the entire colon, depending on the severity and location of the disease.

Why Choose Us

Expert team

Our pediatric specialists have extensive experience in treating children.

Personalized care

We create treatment plans that fit each child’s unique needs

Support and education

We teach children and families how to care for them and prevent future cases

Advanced treatments

Access to the latest treatments and products

Contact

Please feel free to contact us with any general or medical enquiry by calling us.

+254-709-529-000

+254-733-645-000

Primary Clinic Days

Monday - Saturday
8:00 am - 8:00 pm
Sundays & Public Holidays
9:00 am - 7:00 pm

Specialist Clinic Days

Monday - Saturday
8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Sunday
9:00 am - 5:00 pm