Hives, also known as urticaria, are raised, itchy welts on the skin that can appear suddenly and often go away just as quickly. They are a common skin reaction that can be triggered by a variety of factors. Hives can occur anywhere on the body and can vary in size and shape. While they can be uncomfortable, hives are usually harmless and often resolve on their own within a few hours to a few days.
Symptoms
- Raised, Itchy Welts: These can appear suddenly and may be red or skin-colored. They can range in size from small spots to large patches.
- Swelling: The welts may be surrounded by a red border and can be accompanied by swelling, especially if they occur on the face or lips.
- Itching: Hives are often very itchy and can cause discomfort.
- Movement: The welts may move around, disappearing in one area and reappearing in another.
- Rapid Onset and Resolution: Hives can appear suddenly and often go away within a few hours to a few days.
Causes
- Allergic Reactions: To foods, medications, insect bites, or other substances.
- Infections: Such as viral infections, including the common cold or flu.
- Physical Factors: Such as pressure, cold, heat, or sunlight.
- Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety can sometimes trigger hives.
- Unknown Causes: In many cases, the cause of hives is not clear.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing hives typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, who will look for the characteristic signs and symptoms of the skin reaction. The doctor may also ask about recent exposures to potential triggers, such as new foods, medications, or insect bites. In some cases, allergy testing may be recommended to identify specific triggers.
Treatment Options
- Avoiding Triggers: If a specific trigger is identified, avoiding it can help prevent future outbreaks.
- Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamine medications can help relieve itching and reduce the size of the welts.
- Cool Compresses: Applying a cool, wet cloth to the affected area can help soothe the skin and reduce itching.
- Avoiding Tight Clothing: Wearing loose, comfortable clothing can help prevent irritation of the skin.
- Baths: Taking a cool bath with baking soda or colloidal oatmeal can help relieve itching.
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