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Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections

Aortic aneurysms and dissections are serious conditions that affect the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body. An aneurysm is a bulge or weakness in the wall of the aorta, while a dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta that allows blood to flow between the layers.

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Symptoms

  • Severe, sudden pain in the chest, back, or abdomen
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
  • Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
  • Loss of consciousness

Causes

  • High blood pressure
  • Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
  • Genetic conditions (e.g., Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
  • Injury or trauma to the chest or abdomen
  • Inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis)

Diagnosis

  • Physical exam and medical history: Checking your symptoms and learning about your health background.
  • Computed tomography angiogram (CTA): A detailed scan that shows the blood vessels and helps spot any problems.
  • Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA): A scan that uses magnets to create clear images of the blood vessels.
  • Echocardiogram: An ultrasound that shows how your heart and aorta are working.
  • Aortogram: An X-ray that looks at the aorta after a dye is injected to see any blockages or tears.

Treatment Options

  • Physical exam and medical history: Checking your symptoms and learning about your health background.
  • Computed tomography angiogram (CTA): A detailed scan that shows the blood vessels and helps spot any problems.
  • Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA): A scan that uses magnets to create clear images of the blood vessels.
  • Echocardiogram: An ultrasound that shows how your heart and aorta are working.
  • Aortogram: An X-ray that looks at the aorta after a dye is injected to see any blockages or tears.

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