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Tuberculosis Vaccine (BCG): Helping Parents and Caregivers Make Informed Decisions

The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is a vital tool in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), a contagious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. TB is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or spits. The BCG vaccine helps protect children from this serious illness.

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How it works

The BCG vaccine is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis. It works by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight the TB bacteria. This vaccine is particularly effective in preventing the most severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis, and has also shown some effectiveness in preventing leprosy and other non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections.

Importance

Tuberculosis is a significant health threat, especially for young children. The BCG vaccine provides up to 82% protection against pulmonary TB when given to newborns and 64% protection for older, TST-negative school-age children. By vaccinating your child, you can help reduce the risk of serious illnesses and hospitalizations.

Benefits

  • Prevention of Serious Illnesses: The BCG vaccine is highly effective in preventing severe forms of TB, including TB meningitis.
  • Reduced Risk of Complications: Vaccination can help reduce the risk of complications and hospitalizations associated with TB.

Risks

  • Common Side Effects: About 95% of BCG vaccine recipients experience a reaction at the injection site that heals within 2-5 months, leaving a superficial scar. This is considered normal.
  • Rare but Serious Side Effects: Disseminated BCG disease may occur in very rare cases, with an incidence of up to 1% in vaccinated infants and HIV-infected children.

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