Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Children: A Comprehensive Guide for Parents

Early signs of hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s include:

• Feeling unusually tired or fatigued
• Constipation
• Dry skin
• Gaining weight for no clear reason

As the condition progresses, more noticeable symptoms might develop, including:

• Sensitivity to cold temperatures
• A hoarse voice or a feeling of pressure in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland
• Slower movements and a general loss of energy
• Reduced sweating
• Mild hearing loss
• Nerve issues like tingling or numbness in the hands and feet

• Genetic Factors:
  • Research shows that close relatives of people with Hashimoto thyroiditis are at a much higher risk of developing the condition themselves.
  • Certain genes that regulate immune responses and thyroid function are linked to Hashimoto’s.
• Other Autoimmune Conditions:
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis often occurs alongside other autoimmune diseases, like type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and pernicious anemia.
• Environmental Factors:
  • Nutritional Deficiency: Lack of certain nutrients, like selenium, can worsen Hashimoto’s symptoms.
  • Medications: Certain drugs, especially some new cancer treatments, have been linked to the onset of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
  • Vitamin D: There’s evidence suggesting that vitamin D deficiency might be connected to the development of Hashimoto’s. Patients with low vitamin D levels often have higher levels of thyroid antibodies, but these levels can be reduced with vitamin D

• Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will ask about the child’s symptoms, family medical history, and any changes in growth or development. During the physical exam, the doctor may check for signs of hypothyroidism, such as dry skin, a slow heart rate, or a goiter.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests are essential for diagnosing Hashimoto’s. The tests typically include:
  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): TSH levels are usually elevated when the thyroid is underactive.
  • Free Thyroxine (T4): This test measures the level of thyroid hormone in the blood.
  • Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb): The presence of these antibodies indicates that the immune system is attacking the thyroid gland.
• Imaging Tests: In some cases, an ultrasound of the thyroid gland may be performed to check for inflammation or enlargement.