Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection of the middle ear, the space behind the eardrum that contains tiny vibrating bones. It is one of the most common infections in children and often occurs following a cold or upper respiratory infection. The condition causes inflammation and a buildup of fluid in the middle ear, leading to ear pain, fever, and difficulty hearing. While most cases resolve on their own, some may require treatment with antibiotics, especially if the infection is severe or persistent.
Symptoms
- Ear pain or discomfort, often severe
- Fussiness or irritability, especially in infants
- Tugging or pulling at the ears
- Fever
- Difficulty hearing
- Fluid drainage from the ear (in some cases)
- Trouble sleeping due to discomfort when lying down
Causes
Acute otitis media is usually caused by bacteria or viruses that infect the ear following a cold, flu, or upper respiratory infection. The eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, can become swollen or blocked, trapping fluid in the middle ear and allowing bacteria or viruses to grow.
Diagnosis
A doctor diagnoses acute otitis media by examining the ear with an otoscope, a special instrument that allows the doctor to see the eardrum. Signs of infection may include redness, swelling, or fluid behind the eardrum. In some cases, a tympanometry test may be used to measure how well the eardrum moves, indicating the presence of fluid in the middle ear.
Treatment Options
- Watchful waiting: In mild cases, doctors may recommend monitoring the child’s condition for 2-3 days to see if symptoms improve without antibiotics.
- Antibiotics: If the infection is severe, persistent, or in children under 6 months, antibiotics like amoxicillin may be prescribed to treat the bacterial infection.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help reduce ear pain and fever.
- Ear tubes: For children with frequent ear infections, a doctor may recommend inserting small tubes into the eardrums to help drain fluid and prevent future infections.
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