Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect in which the aorta—the major artery that delivers oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body—is narrowed. This constriction can result in high blood pressure and reduced blood flow to the lower body, leading to various symptoms and complications if left untreated.
Symptoms
- High blood pressure
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Fatigue or weakness
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Swelling in the legs or ankles
Causes
Coarctation of the aorta is present at birth, although the exact cause remains unclear. It may be linked to genetic factors or environmental influences during fetal development.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination to assess heart and lung function
- Echocardiogram to visualize the heart and the narrowing of the aorta
- Cardiac catheterization to measure blood pressure in the heart and lungs
- Chest X-ray to assess heart size and structure
- Blood tests to rule out infections or inflammation
Treatment Options
- Surgery to repair or replace the narrowed section of the aorta
- Balloon angioplasty to expand the constricted portion of the aorta
- Stenting to keep the aorta open after angioplasty
- Medications to control high blood pressure and improve heart function
- Lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular exercise, to support overall heart health
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We create treatment plans that fit each child’s unique needs
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We teach children and families how to care for them and prevent future cases
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