A bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital heart defect where the aortic valve, which separates the left ventricle from the aorta, has only two cusps instead of the normal three. This abnormality can cause the valve to become narrowed or leaky, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain. It may require treatment depending on the severity of the defect.
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Fatigue or weakness
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fainting or near-fainting spells
- Swelling in the legs or ankles
Causes
A bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital defect, meaning it is present at birth. The exact cause is not well understood, but it may be due to genetic mutations or environmental influences during fetal development.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination to assess the heart and lungs
- Echocardiogram, an ultrasound test to visualize the heart and evaluate the valve
- Cardiac catheterization to measure pressures in the heart and lungs
- Chest X-ray to check the size and shape of the heart
- Blood tests to detect any signs of infection or inflammation
Treatment Options
- Medications to reduce symptoms and improve heart function
- Surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve if necessary
- Heart transplantation in very severe cases
- Lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular exercise, to manage symptoms and improve overall heart health
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We teach children and families how to care for them and prevent future cases
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