An atrioventricular canal defect, also called an atrioventricular septal defect, is a congenital heart defect where there is a large hole in the center of the heart. This defect affects both the atrial and ventricular septa, allowing oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood to mix. As a result, the heart has to work harder, which can cause breathing difficulties, fatigue, and other serious complications. Atrioventricular canal defects require prompt diagnosis and specialized treatment.
Symptoms
- Blue-tinged skin (cyanosis) due to low oxygen levels
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
- Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
- Fatigue or lethargy
- Poor feeding or weight gain
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
Causes
The exact cause of atrioventricular canal defects is not known, but they likely occur during fetal development due to genetic or environmental factors. This defect is often associated with genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, and other congenital heart defects.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination to identify signs of distress or illness
- Echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to visualize the heart and check for defects
- Chest X-ray to examine the heart and lungs
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to evaluate heart rhythm
- Cardiac catheterization to provide detailed images and assess the heart’s function
Treatment Options
- Open-heart surgery: to close the hole in the heart and repair the septal defect
- Patch repair: where a patch is used to close the hole in the heart
- Valve repair or replacement: in cases where the heart valves are also affected
- Medications: to manage symptoms and prevent complications before or after surgery
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