Leukemia in Children

Overview

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. In children, leukemia is the most common type of cancer, and it occurs when abnormal white blood cells are produced in large numbers. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to a range of symptoms and complications. While leukemia can be a frightening diagnosis, advances in treatment have significantly improved outcomes for many children. With the right care, many children with leukemia go on to live healthy lives.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of leukemia in children include:

Frequent Infections: Due to a weakened immune system, children with leukemia may get infections more often.
Fever: Persistent or unexplained fevers, even without other signs of infection.
Fatigue and Weakness: A feeling of constant tiredness, even after resting.
Pale Skin: Due to anemia, which is a shortage of healthy red blood cells.
Easy Bruising or Bleeding: Children with leukemia may bruise easily or have frequent nosebleeds or gum bleeding.
Bone or Joint Pain: Pain in the bones or joints caused by the buildup of abnormal cells.
Swollen Lymph Nodes: Painless swelling of lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits, or groin.
Loss of Appetite or Weight Loss: A noticeable decrease in appetite or unintended weight loss.

Causes

Leukemia in children occurs due to changes in the DNA of blood cells, causing them to grow uncontrollably. While the exact cause of these genetic changes is often unknown, certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing leukemia:

Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Down syndrome can increase the risk of leukemia.
Family History: A family history of leukemia or other cancers may raise the risk.
Previous Cancer Treatment: Children who have undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy for other cancers may have a higher risk of developing leukemia later on.
Exposure to High Levels of Radiation: Exposure to significant amounts of radiation can increase the risk, though this is rare.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing leukemia in children typically involves several steps:

Physical Examination and Medical History: A thorough examination and discussion of symptoms and family history with a healthcare provider.
Blood Tests: Blood tests to check for abnormal levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: A sample of bone marrow may be taken to confirm the presence of leukemia cells.
Imaging Tests: Tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to check for signs of leukemia in other parts of the body.
Genetic Testing: Genetic tests may be done to identify specific changes in the leukemia cells, which can help guide treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment for leukemia in children depends on the type of leukemia and the child’s overall health, but may include:

Chemotherapy: The primary treatment for most types of leukemia, chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill leukemia cells throughout the body.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays may be used to target and kill leukemia cells, especially if they have spread to other areas.
Targeted Therapy: These drugs target specific aspects of leukemia cells, such as proteins or genes, to stop their growth.
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplant: This procedure replaces the diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow or stem cells from a donor.
Immunotherapy: This treatment boosts the body’s immune system to help it fight leukemia cells.
Supportive Care: This includes treatments to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and ensure the child remains as healthy and comfortable as possible during treatment.

Why Choose Us

At Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, we are dedicated to providing the highest level of care for children with leukemia. Here’s why you should choose us:

Expert Oncology Team: Our pediatric oncologists are experts in treating childhood leukemia, using the latest evidence-based practices.
Comprehensive Care: We offer a full range of treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation, and bone marrow transplants, all tailored to each child’s needs.
Family-Centered Support: We understand the challenges families face when dealing with leukemia, and we provide support and resources every step of the way.
State-of-the-Art Facilities: Our hospital is equipped with the latest technology to provide safe and effective leukemia treatment.
Success Stories: Many of our patients have gone on to live healthy lives after receiving care at our hospital, and we’re committed to helping every child achieve the best possible outcome.

Patient Success Stories

At Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, we are committed to providing the best possible care for children with leukemia. Here’s why families trust us:

“When our son was diagnosed with leukemia, we were devastated. But the team at Gertrude's Children's Hospital gave us hope. They developed a treatment plan that was right for him, and today, he’s in remission and thriving. We couldn’t be more grateful for the care and support we received.”
Johnparent of a child with leukemia

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The outlook for children with leukemia has improved significantly in recent years, with many children achieving remission and living healthy lives. The specific prognosis depends on the type of leukemia and how early it is detected and treated.

Treatment duration varies depending on the type of leukemia and the child’s response to treatment. It can range from several months to a few years.

Common side effects of treatment include fatigue, hair loss, nausea, and increased risk of infections. Our team works closely with families to manage these side effects and maintain the child's comfort.